GNU Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Found one definition
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litmus test,
1. (Chem.) A test to determine acidity or alkalinity, using litmus as an inddicator.
[PJC]
2. Hence: (Fig.) A test for a single factor, which has only two outcomes, positive or negative; specifically: (Politics) the question of whether a candidate for office is for or against a particular position on an issue; -- used, e.g. by voters concerned predominantly with a single issue, to decide whether to vote for or against a candidate; as, “many voters take a candidate's position on abortion as their litmus test”.
[PJC]